Author: Jasper Berg, J.D.

  • Land Registration is Always the First Issue

    Land Registration is Always the First Issue

    Land registration is always the first issue when I draft a Transfer on Death Deed (TODD) in Minnesota.

    Finding this information is very simple.  But, it is still a very significant step.

    Land Registration Basics

    Lets keep this simple.  Every piece of land (home, business, farm, rural, residence, etc.) is different and unique.  In theory, every piece of land or parcel is registered within the County it sits.

    Luckily, all of us can visit our local County headquarters and acquire information on any piece of property inside the county.  In general, I look for written documentation showing the following:

    • Is a property titled Abstract or Torrens or something else,
    • Does a property have any attached or recorded liens, and
    • Acquiring the correct legal description.

    In addition to other requirements, the above pieces of information are critical for every TODD.

    Why Land Registration Matters

    The above information matters because the transfer on death deed conveyance forms in Minnesota require the above information.

    Because a death deed is a document that speaks on our behalf when we die, getting this information correct is of critical importance.

    Abstract or Torrens in Minnesota

    From an estate planning perspective, the advantages of property being titled under the Abstract system versus the Torrens system is moot.  Instead, unequivocally knowing which one applies to a person’s property is the primary objective.

    As I mentioned above, we can find out very easily by:

    • Contacting the Recorder’s Office within a specific County, and
    • Acquiring paper records verifying the land registration system.

    For those tempted to look on the internet or ask their neighbors, don’t do it.  Information on County websites are consistently wrong.  And, it is not uncommon for side by side properties being titled differently too (sorry Richfield).

    Land Registration is Always the First Issue

    Personally, I believe land registration is always the first issue because it requires work to verify.

    In my experience, putting in this work helps find answers to the various other questions necessary to complete a MN transfer on death deed.

    Failing to put in the work puts the whole process in jeopardy.

  • Should You Sign a Parental Authority Form before School is Out?

    Should You Sign a Parental Authority Form before School is Out?

    Parental authority forms come in waves.  As you and your child celebrate another school year, very likely summer activities and groups will ask you for authorization forms.

    Authorization forms from a school or camp protect that specific entity.

    On the other hand, a Delegation of Parental Authority Form (DOPA) can protect you and your child.

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    What is a Delegation of Parental Authority Form (DOPA)?

    Basically, this form helps another adult identified by a parent to care for a child, including:

    • Taking a child to the doctor,
    • Dropping them off at school,
    • Picking-up a child from school.

    Who Should Have a Delegation of Parental Authority Form?

    Personally, I think everybody who has a child should have a DOPA.  But, here are examples of other situations when a parental authority form can be very helpful:

    • Single parents,
    • Parents who travel for their job,
    • Parents fearful of going to jail,
    • Parents who fear immigration issues, and
    • Any parent concerned with day-to-day activities.

    Minnesota is being ProActive

    Likely, none of your friends will know this.  But, Minnesota has been very proactive with delegation forms.  In fact, we as residents can have the DMV add information to our drivers license.

    In other words, if we are involved in an emergency accident, our drivers license can help others identify a temporary guardian for our children.

    What I Include on a Minnesota DOPA

    When I draft a DOPA on behalf of a parent or family, I like to make sure the following information is easily identified:

    • School Name and Location
    • Doctor Contact Information
    • Food Allergies
    • Medial Insurance Issues
    • List of Weekly Activities

    Of course, these types of contacts change on a regular basis.  But, having a starting point can be critical for the stand-by guardian.

    Free Delegation of Parental Authority Forms

    Even better, there are free resources available to help parents and families with their Delegation of Parental Authority Form.

    Not surprising, I believe these types of forms should be specifically drafted to help a specific family and their concerns.  But, it is nice to know that free options exist too.

  • Using Your Minnesota Gun Trust as Target Practice

    Using Your Minnesota Gun Trust as Target Practice

    A Minnesota Gun Trust is a strong move for any person wishing to protect their collection from landing in the wrong hands or subjecting their family to an expensive probate proceeding.

    Yes, there are legal issues to consider like trigger points for the government, the age of trustees, and making sure your successor can pass a background check.

    Also, a few extra forms to satisfy.  But all in all, a worthwhile process to reduce the risk of probate and heartache.

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    Number 1 Issue for a Minnesota Gun Trust

    As you know, the US Department of Justice and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (“ATF”) has many rules and standards applicable to gun ownership.  

    To nobody’s surprise, these same rules apply to you and your list of trustees who handle the guns.  Sometimes, the ATF refers to this person as the “Responsible Person”.

    The number one issue for every person wishing to create a Minnesota gun trust is identifying a “trustee” that is authorized to take possession of the weapon(s) being transferred.   

    What type of firearms can you transfer into a Minnesota Gun Trust

    As a general rule, if your firearm has a serial number, you can transfer your firearm into a Minnesota Gun Trust.

    If the gun does not have a serial number, then I like the idea of preparing as if it had a serial number.

    Minnesota Gun Trust for antique guns

    Yes, antique guns and unserviceable weapons can be transferred into a Minnesota Gun Trust too.

    Forms and documents for a Minnesota Gun Trust

    There are many forms and documents needed to transfer a firearm into a Minnesota Gun Trust.  Again though, filling out forms is a lot easier versus family members running to a court house to probate hunting weapons.

    Here is a short non exclusive list of the forms generally needed to transfer a firearm into a Minnesota Gun Trust:

    • A valid Revocable Trust,
    • Certificate of Trust,
    • Assignment of Firearm,
    • ATF E-Form 5 (for each firearm),
    • A formal list identifying all Responsible Persons,
    • Finger print card (FD-258) for all Responsible Persons [order  this form versus printing it], and
    • ATF Form 5320.23, which is a questionnaire for each Responsible Person (order a form for each Responsible Person).

    Who is a Responsible Person?

    According to the ATF, a responsible person is any person associated with an entity or an estate or an individual.

    For some, this means finding a military veteran in the family. For others, a responsible person is any person who might become a trustee for your Minnesota Gun Trust.

    Minnesota Gun Trust Trustee vs Responsible Person

    The person in charge of an estate is called a Trustee.  A trustee for a Gun Trust is responsible for the firearms.

    Yes, while a gun owner is living they are the trustee.  On the other hand, a gun owner can identify reasons when or why they  want to identify a different person as the trustee of a firearm.

    On its face, I know this element seems confusing.  As a result, I find consultations are extremely valuable during this process.

    What information does the ATF need from the Responsible Person?

    Here is what the ATF needs from the Responsible Person:

    • Full legal name,
    • Social security number,
    • Home address,
    • Address for the last five years,
    • Country of citizenship,
    • Place of birth (City and State),
    • Ethnicity,
    • Gender, and
    • Home telephone number.

    Taxes to transfer a firearm into a Minnesota Gun Trust

    The following types of transfers are tax exempt or less than $5 per transfer:

    • Your firearm is unserviceable,
    • Your firearm is being transferred to an heir or operation of law,
    • Any reasons under Section 5811.

    How to transfer guns into a Revocable Minnesota Gun Trust

    If you need help creating a Minnesota Gun Trust, please contact this law office for help.

  • Bank Records for Estate Planning in 3 Easy Steps

    Bank Records for Estate Planning in 3 Easy Steps

    Bank records for a “typical” estate plan can be as as simple as gathering statements.  But, the bank we use on a daily basis is hardly the problem.

    Instead, it’s the checking account opened 20 years ago that people never use, that causes the biggest problems.

    Luckily, I think most people can help their families in 3 easy steps.

    Bank Records in 3 Easy Steps

    I know the following steps are easy.  Certainly, I am not trying to insult your intelligence.  Unfortunately, very few people take time to straighten their affairs, which was the intent behind this article.

    Anyways, here are the 3 easy steps I wish more people would engage:

    3. Gather bank statements and place them in a folder housing important documents.  

    2. Closing Unused Accounts

    1. Identifying a beneficiary for Pay on Death (“POD”)

    Gathering Bank Statements

    Because so many people are getting bank statements by e-mail, acquiring hard copies of records is very difficult.  In the probate process, there are 3 elements beneficiaries and personal representatives need from their deceased loved ones:

    • Name of bank
    • Account number, and
    • Routing number.

    As you might suspect, obtaining a password and username to an e-mail account can become more cumbersome than obtaining bank records.  This is true because banks generally have phone numbers and people answering their phones.  On the other hand, e-mail services do not.

    Thus, gather bank statements.

    Closing Unused Accounts

    Remember the bank account you opened to acquire a car loan?  Or, that bank account you opened when you lived in a different city?  Well, close them.  Right now…call the bank and take the initiative to close the account.

    Here is the problem.  Family members can spend thousands of dollars on the probate process for an account holding peanuts.

    Thus, make life easy on loved ones and close unused bank accounts.

    Pay on Death (“POD”)

    For smaller estates, I love the efficiency of identifying a beneficiaries and making the account pay on death.  Unfortunately, this still isn’t enough because PODs can go wrong.  Horribly wrong.

    Ideally, I encourage families to fund their revocable trust with any and all bank accounts.  If this isn’t feasible, then using bank records to draft a proper POD beneficiary form is highly recommended.

    I wish you and your family the very best.

  • Will I go to Heaven If I Die Without a Will?

    Will I go to Heaven If I Die Without a Will?

    Are you going to die without a will? Does it matter?  Will it matter once we check into Heaven?

    Likely, the person at the pearly gate will not care whether we have a will.  But, our children will.

    Failing to plan means your affairs will be left to the government.

    I believe every person should reduce guessing and stress by deciding to die with a will.

    What happens in Minnesota if we die without a will?

    If a person dies without a will, their family is stuck with Minnesota’s probate plan.  Minnesota’s plan is called intestacy.  This means which Minnesota law will determine who receives all or a portion of the estate.  More significantly, Minnesota’s guardian laws will determine who becomes the next parent to our children.

    Also, a Creditor can take control of the assets before a loved one…even before our own spouse.

    Like you, I am not ready to die.  But, just in case I get hit by a bus – there is a plan in place to help loved ones (spouse, children, grandchildren and pets).  Thus, the laws that apply will play a significant role.

    What laws apply when we die without a will?

    In Minnesota, a family trying to manage an estate for a person who died without a will be forced to utilize Minnesota’s uniform probate code.  The probate laws and rules determine whether our affairs get decided through an informal or formal process.

    First step after a person dies

    In every case, the firs step is always the same:  what about the spouse and children.  When we put a plan in place, the guessing and time commitment can get eliminated or reduced to a minimal process.

    The next step after a person dies

    The next step entails picking an ideal personal representative and preparing for either an informal probate or formal probate process.

    Before you die without a will

    I get it – this is a difficult thing to think about.  Luckily, we have a choice before things get worse or impossible to manage.

  • Growing Problems with Unemployment for Farmers

    Growing Problems with Unemployment for Farmers

    Unemployment for farmers and agricultural workers is crazy complicated in Minnesota.  Quite frankly, it shouldn’t be so hard.  But, it is.

    So we are clear, I am not talking about farm owners.

    Instead, I am referring to people who help farmers (employees, contractors, side-hands, etc.) and their agricultural process.

    Unemployment for Farmers is Hard Stuff

    Here is why this question is hard.  I didn’t state impossible…I said hard.  There is a difference.

    Minnesota unemployment laws generally exclude workers from benefits and make the farm worker prove an exception.

    employment in “agricultural employment” [is non-covered employment] unless it is “covered agricultural employment” under subdivision 11; or

    if employment during one-half or more of any pay period was covered employment, all the employment for the pay period is covered employment; but if during more than one-half of any pay period the employment was noncovered employment, then all of the employment for the pay period is noncovered employment. “Pay period” means a period of not more than a calendar month for which a payment or compensation is ordinarily made to the employee by the employer.“

    Looks complicated, right?  Right.  And in my experience, most farm employees and helpers helpers rarely go into a job thinking about Minnesota rule 268.035.

    Laws for Unemployment and Agriculture

    The rule every farm worker should review is whether they have a job that is “covered agricultural employment”.  Generally, there are two types of farm workers that meet this rule:

    • The worker was employed by a farm that paid $20,000 in wages during a 3 month window, or
    • The worker was employed by a farm that hired 4 or more workers during the calendar year.

    The best part about the above rule(s) is the fact the 4 or more workers are not required to work at the same time or during the same week.

    It is easy to panic about these rules because they are generally unanswerable from the outside looking in.  Do not freak out.  Many farms meet these rules.

    In fact, I think every worker should assume the farm they worked at or with satisfied one of the above elements.

    Farmer Workers Who Do Not Understand Unemployment Benefits

    Very few workers know the payroll status of the farm that they work at.  Instead, most workers are worried about whether they are getting paid and if their paycheck will bounce.

    If you have read other posts, you know I dislike the workforce center.

    On the other hand, I believe engaging the unemployment office to seek payroll verifications for covered agricultural workers is a necessary step in the unemployment application process.

    Unemployment for Farmers

    In Minnesota, unemployment for farmers and workers is a big deal because the growing season is short.  Assuming staff members are ineligible is a horrible strategy.

    Because the unemployment laws for agriculture support benefits and unclear at the sometime, I believe appealing these types of claims is even more significant.

  • 5 Ways Estate Planning and the NBA Draft are Different

    5 Ways Estate Planning and the NBA Draft are Different

    Estate planning is a wonderful thing.  But, who can focus on an estate when the NBA lottery is unfolding?

    If you are like me, seeing the cards for each franchise and pick is exciting for about a minute.  After that, reality sets in.

    Luckily, estate planning is a lot different than the NBA lottery.  Oh sure, a lottery can be exhilarating, but then, normal day stuff takes over.

    For this reason, I want to quickly identify 5 ways estate planning and the 2017 NBA lottery are different:

    5. Nobody other than my family, needs to know the plan (or pick).

    4. We can make choices without the permission of government (commissioner) rules.

    3. We are not dependent on ping-pong balls (lottery)  to decide our fate.

    2. We can make different choices than our family members (or other NBA teams).

    1. None of us can guarantee we will be here on June 22, 2017 ( date for the NBA draft).

  • Did Ransomware for Unemployment Just Get Real?

    Did Ransomware for Unemployment Just Get Real?

    Ransomware for unemployment benefits sounds crazy, but lets assume the threats of computer viruses and ransomware this week are real.

    Rhetorically speaking, what if benefits are impacted by a malware program?  Even worse, what if we cannot file an appeal or request benefits?  Lets develop a contingency plan supported by law.

    Will Ransomware for Unemployment impact a Request?

    As unlikely as it might be,  I believe knowing there are different methods of requesting benefits can offer relief.  A computer is not the only source for a weekly benefit request.

    Did you know Minnesota supports a request by phone?

    I encourage everybody to have this unemployment link printed out and on standby.  Assuming applicants are prepared, I do not think ransomware will impact the request process for weekly UI benefits.

    Ransomware for Unemployment Impacts Appeals

    Somebody out there has already thought about using ransomware as a reason why they didn’t file an appeal properly.  Otherwise, I am the only one.  Although this defense probably won’t work, consider this.

    Minnesota’s unemployment appeal process supports filing an appeal using other methods in addition to a computer.  For confirmation, check out unemployment law 268.103, which outlines different methods for applicants to file appeals.

    Unfortunately, the directions offered by the Work Force Center contradict the statute.  If you read my take on the Work Force Center, then perhaps you already knew my position on their website.

    Anyways, the point I am trying to make is this:  an appeal for benefits is unlikely going to be impacted by ransomware for unemployment because of the Minnesota law referenced above.  But, following the requirements within the statute are going to become critically important.

    Ransomware Final Point

    Nearly everybody seeking benefits is looking for work or jobs using a computer.  Incase your computer falls apart down the road, consider this outline to hedge against computer glitches.  And, be careful with your e-mail!  

    Despite these new stresses, I wish you the very best during your appeal process.

  • Time is Up and Still No Response

    Time is Up and Still No Response

    Getting no response from the unemployment law judge is as frustrating as it gets.

    First, appeals are stressful.  Second, the benefit is desperately needed.

    The applicable rule for timeliness is Minn. Stat. 268.105.  But, lets put the rules aside and simplify things.

    Untrue Rumors about No Response

    • No, a judge missing a deadline has little impact on the success of a claim.
    • No, a judge missing a deadline does not mean applicants obtain a default victory. On the other hand, if an applicant misses a deadline, it can have a detrimental impact.
    • No, asking for feedback on when a decision will be made does not turn a good case into a bad case.

    What to Do when you get No Response from the Judge

    There are a number of ways to solicit a response.  This includes:

    • Calling the Appeal Hotline
    • Asking a State Representative to contact DEED
    • Filing documents with a Court, and
    • Sending a letter by mail asking for feedback on a decision date.

    For cases still in the phone appeal or reconsideration process, sending a letter to the Chief Unemployment Law Judge and the Commissioner of DEED can move mountains!

    How Long does it Take?

    If you start asking friends, you will drive yourself crazy.  Really, it depends on the week and month.  In my experience, I have seen decisions rendered in days.  Other times, I have seen cases get lost for months.

    Over the last few years, I have seen a more efficient process and I am hopeful most folks will see a decision within a few weeks.  In fact, sometimes my Clients receive a lump sum benefit payment before they see something in writing.

    Again, as stressful as this process can be, patience is key.

    On the other hand, applicants should absolutely knock on doors, make phone calls and send letters to assure their case is still moving forward.

    Finally, stay positive.

  • Reduce Military Control over your Children

    Reduce Military Control over your Children

    As parents, it is both exciting and a feeling of helplessness when our children join the military.

    I am a huge proponent of our armed forces and believe there are certain estate planning documents younger people can use to help their parents talk with or step in front of Uncle Sam in case of injury or a medical issue.

    Thus, I encourage all military families to engage their adult children and consider:

    Yes, there are other documents to consider too.  But, this is a great start.

  • Traveling While Unemployed Sounded Like Fun

    Traveling While Unemployed Sounded Like Fun

    Traveling while unemployed becomes a bigger issue than it already is an when applicants in Minnesota get audited.

    Now that spring break has come and gone, I am getting phone calls from MN applicants looking for advisement on the availability statute.

    For those skipping spring break and moving directly into cabin season, remaining eligible for benefits in Minnesota can become cumbersome.

    Traveling While Unemployed

    Every successful case starts with detail.  Unfortunately, most applicants trying to prove eligibility fail to take their audit seriously and incorrectly consider other eligibility rules.

    Luckily, you are different.

  • Jobs After Graduating vs Graduating Failures

    I am excited for the Class of 2017.  For those looking for jobs after graduating, I believe signing a non-compete agreement is literally the worst first step a new graduate can make.

    In other words, a graduation failure.

    If your next job interview turns into a sneaky non-compete, yell stop and get it reviewed before proceeding.

    I wish you the best.

  • Updated Health Care Directive Requirements

    Updated Health Care Directive Requirements

    Health care directive requirements change often.  I challenge you to find your directive and make sure it included the following:

    • Dated,
    • Signed by the person making the declaration,
    • Includes updated health care needs,
    • Contact information for loved ones (like their new cell phone number) are accurate,
    • A copy was given to every doctor seen in the last few years, and
    • Signature was verified by a notary and two unrelated witnesses.
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    Luckily, Minnesota has a list of formal requirements under MN statute 145C and 253B.

  • Unemployment Stuck is a Messy Process

    Unemployment Stuck is a Messy Process

    Unemployment stuck describes the person who does not know how to proceed with their appeal.

    First, thank you for coming back to my site.  Second, yes, I am biased because I believe my insights and experience can become very valuable for many unemployed workers.

    I hope you contact me such that we can discuss how to become unstuck.

    Otherwise, please check out some of my videos and social media accounts to stay current on my unemployment updates.

  • Who Profits the Most when You to Die Without a Plan?

    Who Profits the Most when You to Die Without a Plan?

    Take a guess who profits the most when you die without a plan.  Yes, failing to make a plan might actually generate more revenue for attorneys and your family.

    So yes, die without a plan makes life better for everybody except  your family.

    On the other hand, I believe making choices today can be the saving grace for a happy family.” 

    Here are a few ways you help your family:

    • Giving them permission to transfer your stuff before entering a nursing home,
    • Picking a back-up guardian for your child,
    • Helping them determine whether you should be buried or cremated,
    • Picking a quarterback to facilitate your estate,
    • Picking a back-up quarterback to handle your estate,
    • Helping your family identify heirlooms (like wedding rings),
    • Identifying a home for your pets, and
    • Everything else.

    Of course, if your family member didn’t have a plan, Minnesota protects families from unreasonable probate costs.

    Die Without a Plan

    In case it isn’t obvious, no, I do not want you to die without a plan.  In fact, I think we can offer tremendous value to our families (small and large) when we give them help.

    Thus, please share this with others if you agree.

  • Do You Know the First rule for Unemployment?

    Do You Know the First rule for Unemployment?

    The first rule for unemployment benefits in Minnesota is record keeping.  Wait, you don’t expect an appeal or denial for benefits, right?  Whether this is accurate or not, nobody can stop an audit or appeal made by an employer.

    Thus, the first rule specific to eligibility for benefits in MN is the opportunity to create your own record for the discovery stage of an unemployment appeal.

    Record Keeping 101: First Unemployment Rule

    In my experience, there are two places an applicant can find records important to their claim or audit:

    • At work
    • At home.

    Sometimes, getting evidence from work is difficult (but not impossible).  For this reason, I love the idea of creating a log at home which includes:

    • Fresh notes from the events that led to a discharge,
    • Hours spent looking for a new job,
    • Jobs and careers that were pursued.

    Records at Work

    Sometimes, folks will contact me needing help with an employer who lies.  Other times, applicants seeking benefits in Minnesota need help tracking down an important e-mail or personal improvement plan.

    Luckily, Applicants can use the rules for a subpoena to their advantage.  Other times, Minnesota’s statutes on employment records and one’s right to obtain such records are even more significant support during the unemployment process.

    Records at Home:  Fresh Notes

    I know most people think they will never forget the events that led to their job ending.  However, my experience suggests otherwise.  It is very natural for details to fall to the wayside.

    As a result, take 15 minutes and type-up details like time of day, co-workers and their job title and or what you were working on at the time of the event.

    Records at Home:  Hours Spent Looking for a Job

    Ten years ago, it might have taken 10-15 hours of cold calling just to find a reasonable opportunity.  Now, we can set up instant notifications at nearly every job board and announcement on social media.  (By the way, did you check out the social media links and follow my feeds?)  If not, please check them out.

    Anyways, my point is this:  keep track of your records.  Efficiency is not a curse.  But, tending to your garden wile your phone is in your pocket likely is not a job search activity.

    Thus, keep your eye on the prize.

    Records at Home:  Job Applications and Resumes

    It is easy to log and track jobs sought because we can keep copies of resumes very easily.  Between screen grabs and the snipping tool on your computer, every online job submission should be easily obtainable.

    Not to mention, you are going to need this information as you follow-up with a phone call, e-mail, etc.  No, this is not a lost art and I think it is very important for applicants focused on a new job.

    First Rule for Unemployment in Minnesota

    I know the information identified above seems trivial.  As an unemployment lawyer, I see way to many appeals that might have been more successful had applicants kept better records.

    Of course, I believe there are other ways too improve a case, when applicants have problems with their claim.  Nonetheless, stay positive and I look forward to meeting with you if you see the need.

  • I Know the Path you should Take

    I Know the Path you should Take

    Which path is right for an appeal?  This process can be confusing and overwhelming.

    While you conduct research,  please drop me a line and give me an opportunity to review the pros and cons of your appeal.

    I wish you the very best.

  • Minnesota’s Rule on Informal Brief for Unemployment

    Minnesota’s Rule on Informal Brief for Unemployment

    An informal brief for unemployment is stressful because most times, it is the first time a person has ever written an informal brief. But,

    Personally, I have written and advised countless applicants in Minnesota, on this very issue.

    Thus, please allow me an opportunity to clear the air.

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    Informal Brief for Unemployment – Most Important Piece

    In my opinion, the rules for an informal brief are second to the legal issues.  A legal issue is a topic or question reviewed by the Court.

    In many cases, if an applicant in Minnesota does not ask or present an issue, it might not get answered or reviewed.  As a result, making a list of questions is critical.  

    Then, I like the idea of adding or including these questions within a brief.  Public matters aside, this is a critical part of an informal brief for unemployment benefits.

    Informal Brief for Unemployment – One of My Jobs

    One of my jobs when I advise applicants is helping them identify the issues or questions that need to be presented.  Here are a few examples:

    The issue is whether the applicant quit or was discharged for employment misconduct”

    or

    The issue is whether the unemployment law judge made an error of law”

    Of course, there are an infinite number of issues that can be raised.  Selecting or identifying the most important issues will help an applicant in Minnesota appealing their claim have the greatest level of success.

    What is Not an Issue for an Informal Brief?

    In my experience, a lot of people appealing their benefits make the mistake of focusing on non-legal issues, like facts.  Now, I am not talking about evidentiary issues.  Instead, I am talking about whether an event was portrayed as a fact.  Here are a few examples:

    The issue is whether I was late to work”

    or

    The issue is whether I talked to my manager”

    These are not issues generally reviewed by Minnesota’s Court of Appeals.  Of course, there are exceptions and every case is different.  In other words, please consider contacting me directly, because I think my experience can be a game changer.

    Otherwise, here are additional free resources to check out.