Author: Jasper Berg, J.D.

  • 5 Steps After Your Spouse Dies in Minnesota

    5 Steps After Your Spouse Dies in Minnesota

    Your spouse died in Minnesota and you need help.  Including me, nobody enjoys talking about death.

    During the grieving process and thereafter, consider the following checklist to help you make important decisions.

    Step 1: calculate 9 months from your spouse’s death

    I agree, focusing on a funeral and making major life changes is stressful.  For a moment, lets assume your family has this under control.

    The most significant deadline the living spouse needs to know about is 9 months after your spouses death.  Starting on the date your spouse died in Minnesota, IRS Form 706 has a 9 month deadline.  Wait, what?  What does this have to do about anything?

    IRS Form 706 is a special form used by the IRS.  This form allows your now deceased spouse to pass their unused tax exemptions onto you.

    If the wealth you and your spouse shared is modest or minimal, perhaps you care less about this 9 month deadline than me.  On the other hand, you would be amazed how quickly life insurance and retirement benefits can turn your modest estate into “I wish I knew about the 9 month deadline”.

    Thus, if your spouse died in Minnesota, the first step is knowing there is a 9 month deadline.

    Step 2 if your spouse died in Minnesota

    If your spouse died in Minnesota, start contacting every insurance company and pension company you and your spouse did business with.  If you do not know how to contact an insurance company, start by seeking information from Minnesota’s Department of Commerce.

    If your spouse was working during the time they died, contact your spouses’ employer and ask for information on employee benefits your spouse might have signed up for.

     Step 3 if your spouse died in Minnesota

    If your spouse was receiving social security benefits, I recommend contacting the Social Security Administration.  If you have minor children, consider reviewing whether you and your family are eligible for survivor benefits offered through the Social Security Administration.

     Step 4 if your spouse died in Minnesota

    The next step is to make sure you and your family have continued health coverage.  If you and your family are in economic need of benefits, public benefits are available here.  If you are a mature adult, you are likely eligible for Medicare benefits, which can be found here.

    Otherwise, if your spouse died in Minnesota and you do not know what to do about health insurance, consider this resource as an outline for your options.

    Final step if your spouse died in Minnesota

    The final step is gathering important documents and financial papers.  For this step, consider using or buying folders having the capabilities of storing thick packets of information.

    In your first folder, place important documents before your spouse died.  For example, birth certificates, marriage license, and estate planning documents like a will, health care directive, military records, etc.

    In a second folder, place important documents you receive after your spouse died in Minnesota.  For example, a death certificate, bills that you receive in the mail, and any information specific to organ donations.

    Need more help?

    If your spouse died in Minnesota and you need help, please contact this law office.

  • How You Can Use a Legacy Letter to Talk From the Grave

    How You Can Use a Legacy Letter to Talk From the Grave

    In Minnesota, a legacy letter or ethical will should be a separate from your estate plan.  Yes, legacy letters or legacy videos are an excellent way to help families and loved ones carry on your legacy.

    However, if you only remembered one thing, do not allow your legacy letter or ethical will  to trump or negate an estate plan.

    What is a legacy letter?

    In general, a legacy letter outlines dates, events, and accomplishments you want to share with your alive and unborn family members.

    An ethical will can be a few paragraphs or equivalent to a novel titled War and Peace.  More recently, legacy letters are being turned into videos, put to music, and being posted on-line.

    A legacy letter does not take the place of your estate plan

    No, a legacy letter should never question or contradict an estate plan like your will or trust.  This means an ethical will should never incorporate a person’s thoughts or believes regarding the transfer of property or funding a trust.

    Also, an ethical will should never be used to assign parental rights, identify where organs should be donated, or include information about an end of life burial or celebration.

    Any document or video that contradicts an estate plan puts a person’s property and bank accounts at risk of being challenged in probate court.  This law office works with people and families to reduce or negate this risk.

    What do people include in an ethical will?

    Generally, an ethical will includes information like:

    • Your values and beliefs,
    • Life lessons,
    • Expressions of love,
    • Clarifying significant events, and
    • Talking about past generations.

    When should you create a legacy letter or ethical will?

    Even if you anticipate living for another 50 years, a person working through the estate planning process should consider the significance of a legacy letter.

    Resources to create or print a legacy letter

    Many individuals and families have used resources like Shutterfly or similar companies when printing a final version of a legacy letter or ethical will.

    Need help with your ethical will?

    Contact this law office if you have questions about an ethical will,

  • Is Your Drivers License Enough to make Anatomical Gifts

    Is Your Drivers License Enough to make Anatomical Gifts

    Anatomical Gifts in Minnesota are governed under Chapter 525A.  An Anatomical Gift is the process of donating all or part of your body.

    Forms for Anatomical Gifts

    As you know, your Minnesota drivers license has a space to allow for Anatomical Gifts.  Generally though, those passionate about this process prefer using a specific organ donation form created by a lawyer or a form sponsored by a specific hospital or non-profit.

    Yes, provided all other rules are complied with, a person can use a health care directive to make a donation.

    Other times, past Clients have preferred a form specifically designated to their organs to reduce sharing private information.

    Religion and Anatomical Gifts

    Yes, religion impacts a person’s decision on whether they want to donate an organ or their body at their death.

    In fact, it is very common for people to use a form to purposely express they do NOT want any part of their body donated before or after death.  For example, those sharing the Catholic faith often seek the opinion of their local Priest before making an informed decision on Anatomical Gifts.

    If you are Catholic, consider reading more about this process here.

    In Minnesota, who can make Anatomical Gifts?

    In Minnesota, a person can make anatomical gifts if they are:

    1. 18 years of age or older,
    2. A parent of a donor, 
    3. A donor’s guardian,
    4. An agent of a donor (using a health care directive), or
    5. A minor.

    If the donor is a minor (under the age of 18), then they can make anatomical gifts if they are either:

    • Emancipated or
    • At least 16 years of age and utilize a valid Minnesota drivers license.

    Are Anatomical Gifts impacted by the organ box on your Minnesota license?

    Yes, a driver license that expresses an intent to donate organs is a valid document.  This law office prefers to revoke statements found on a license and utilize a separate organ donation declaration.

    The reason this law office takes this approach is to reduce the likelihood a person or entity claims your drivers license is a leading authority.

    Can a person edit or change their Anatomical Gift?

    Yes, before a person dies, a person in Minnesota can always edit or change their wishes for an anatomical gift.  The best practice is using a signed document to revoke a previous donation.

    It is preferred to use a signed document that is witnessed by two adults of a sound mind and the said document is notarized.

    Can a person revoke an Anatomical Gift?

    Yes, before a person dies, a person in Minnesota can always revoke anatomical gifts.  The best practice is using a signed document to revoke a previous donation.

    It is preferred to use a signed document that is witnessed by two adults of a sound mind and the said document is notarized.

    Is there a list of authorized donor registries?

    Yes, The Department of Public Safety has a formal organ registry system for people to utilize.

    Help with making or waiving Anatomical Gifts

    If you need help making or waiving an anatomical gift, please contact this law office for help.

  • TALX, Equifax, and the Unemployment Devil

    TALX, Equifax, and the Unemployment Devil

    TALX and Equifax are a business in Missouri that helps businesses appeal unemployment claims. They seek this goal as an effort to reduce tax dollars.

    Of course, there are many smaller companies across the country who do the same thing. If you come across any of these hired gunners, proceed with caution.

    So, If you are appealing a claim for unemployment benefits and received notice your employer or former employer is represented by TALX, please consider seeking advisement.  

    Why is TALX and Equifax Bad?

    Maybe bad was the wrong word. Instead, maybe the word is evil. Even certain government agencies are blinded. I am sure TALX would disagree. Even Equifax would disagree. I guess where I stand is the impact I have seen thereafter.

    In my experience, TALX and Equifax will twist an event into an a storyline that isn’t true, while picking at a comma and period within an employer’s handbook. The bad part of this whole process is that many applicants are surprised when they hear this for the first time at their phone hearing.

    Luckily, there are strong reasons that allow applicants, employees, workers, managers, and everybody in-between to stand up for themselves and fight back.

    How Do You Find Out Who Represents The Employer?

    Generally, an Applicant seeking unemployment benefits will not find out about TALX or Equifax until the very last moment.  Sometimes. there are clues. Other times, Applicants must ask DEED for a list of witnesses prior to their hearing.

    In a perfect setting, the claimant seeking benefits will receive notice from the unemployment office in side their evidence packet.

    If you see a strange document from an unclear source, perhaps it was from an agent representing your former employer.  TALX is sometimes identified as TALX Employer Services or Equifax.

    Will Their Representative Be On the Phone?

    Sometimes yes and sometimes no. In other words, every person should be prepared as if their employer has representation, whether an attorney or otherwise. The otherwise, which I described herein, has caused lots of emotional harm to individuals trying to move forward from their job loss.

    Even if a TALX or an Equifax representative does not participate at the phone hearing, the mere submission of their documents, evidence, and rhetoric can cause problems without knowing how to respond.

    Yes, the rule that supports third party administrators or employer agents like TALX is supported under Minnesota Statute 268.103.

  • Stressing Over Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County

    Stressing Over Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County

    Looking for help to Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County?  Figuring out all of the forms necessary to submit a case to Probate Court is not a stress you and your family need right now.

    If you need help with a matter concerning probate, you found the right place.

    Help with the Probate in Hennepin County

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    Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County

    Unfortunately, e-filing is mandatory for everyone in Hennepin County, regardless whether you are doing this by yourself or as a lawyer.

    Hennepin County updated their registration process a short while ago, which leads me to the next question everybody asks.

    What is the e-filing and the process?

    E-filing is an electronic process used to file documents.  The e-filing court system is mostly implemented in Hennepin County and Ramsey County for civil filings.  Before 2013, e-filing was never required in Probate Court in any Minnesota County.

    First problem people face when seeking Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County

    One of the first problems a person will face when seeking Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County is a lack of computer experience.

    This is especially true for older people who are required to acquire an e-mail address to facilitate the e-filing process.

    Is the Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County public?

    Generally, anything submitted through the Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County process will become public knowledge.

    Unfortunately, this is true given Minnesota General Rule of Practice 11.

    Second problem people face when seeking Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County

    The second problem people sometimes face when working through the Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County process is the fact every document needs to be filed separately.

    In other words, the system does not support combining multiple forms into one document or pdf file.

    How do you sign documents when seeking Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County

    Yes, documents filed electronically can be signed by using /S/.  In the opinion of this law office, this is a huge area for potential fraud.  Thus, approach each form with care.

    Where to find Minnesota probate forms

    If you are looking for probate forms to help you with the Probate e-Filing in Hennepin County process, this law office highly recommends these resources:

    1.  Minnesota’s law library,
    2. Minnesota’s Court Forms website, or
    3. You can buy forms from Miller Davis Company.
  • My Cardboard Box vs. Your Revocable Trust in Minnesota

    My Cardboard Box vs. Your Revocable Trust in Minnesota

    A revocable trust in Minnesota is not a document solely for the rich or wealthy.

    Yes, a revocable trust is a fantastic way to reduce stress in your family and reduce the possibility of having your affairs managed by a probate court.

    Minnesota has very specific rules governing trusts.  If you need help or have questions about a revocable trust in Minnesota, contact this law office for help.

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    What is a Revocable Trust in Minnesota?

    But wait, what is it?  Keeping it simple, a revocable trust in Minnesota is a document that acts much like a cardboard box.  A revocable trust allows you to put your “stuff” in a box and hand deliver or distribute it among your friends and family when you are no longer able to think on your own behalf or when you die.

    Sticking to my box example, a revocable trust is an opportunity to move your stuff without needing a moving company like a probate court.

    Still confused?  Revocable trusts in Minnesota are documents used to transfer assets to friends, family, and entities without requiring your assets to be reviewed or managed by a Court.  The use of a revocable trust keeps your distribute private and is implemented at your command.

    Is a revocable trust in Minnesota complicated?

    Your revocable trust can be as simple or as complicated as you desire.  For example, some people want their stuff or assets divided equally among their children or grandchildren.  Other people, like Coach Dean Smith, prefer to add details like paying for a dinner in their honor.

    Yes, a person can have a revocable trust in Minnesota.  However, a “trust” can mean many different things because they are documents used to describe a specific goal or process.

    Yes, the most common type of trust is a Revocable Trust in Minnesota.  However, people sometimes inquire about an irrevocable trust and or a special needs trust.  If you have questions about the differences, please contact this law office for help.

    What is the hardest part about a revocable trust?

    The hardest part about a revocable trust in Minnesota is funding the trust.

    Continuing with the analogy above, funding a revocable trust is the actual process of placing your stuff inside the box.  Generally, a person seeks help building the box.  The person in charge of placing your stuff inside the box can be you, your accountant, an attorney, etc.

    How do you fund a revocable trust in Minnesota?

    I may have simplified the funding process in 3 simple steps. That said, the process depends on the asset.  

    For example, adding your car to a revocable trust is different than adding a bank account to a revocable trust.

    Also, a person will not necessarily put all of their assets into a Minnesota revocable trust because of tax consequences or to prevent their stuff from being distributed among other assets.

    How long does it take to write a Revocable Trust in Minnesota?

    The time required to draft, edit, and for a Client to formalize a revocable trust largely depends on a person’s organization.  Some people are able to identify their assets very easily while others have not visited their bank for many years.

    On the other hand, if a person is experiencing a medical issue, the process to draft, edit, and formalize a revocable trust in Minnesota should be expedited.  Yes, it is very common for this law office to expedite the drafting process to accommodate the health of a Client.

    How many beneficiaries can you list in a revocable trust?

    Here is another wonderful benefit to a revocable trust versus not having a revocable trust – you can pick as many people (young and old) and entities (your Church, a park, scholarship fund, charitable organization, etc.) as you wish.  Also, a revocable trust helps keep your wishes private.

    However, if you do not have a revocable trust, your affairs may become public upon being distributed by a probate court.

    Do you need an attorney to create a revocable trust?

    This law office is biased.  Yes, it is my opinion you should contact a lawyer to draft your revocable trust in Minnesota.

    Given the legal rules and laws applicable to revocable trusts, keep it simple and don’t create more headaches for your family and friends.

  • This is my First Time Collecting Unemployment in Minnesota

    This is my First Time Collecting Unemployment in Minnesota

    Are you filing for unemployment for the first time in Minnesota?  Good!  Really, this is a process you do not want to encounter on a regular basis.

    On the other hand, do not be discouraged or frightened by the process for seeking benefits.

    Instead, look at it this way – you are doing the right thing by trying to education yourself.

    Thus, if you need help filing for unemployment for the first time in Minnesota, please consider contacting this law office for help.

    Step one when Filing for Unemployment for the First Time in Minnesota

    Look, this process can be complicated.  Sometimes, people end up appealing their claim for benefits after they file for the first time.  The very first step you should take is writing down and or taking notes of the process that led to your job ending.

    For example, if you remember having a conversation with your manager or recall being given a document to sign, you should write down what was said, who said it, and what you recall your response being.

    Thus, step one in filing for unemployment for the first time in Minnesota should be writing down notes on what you recall being told or what you recall being said that led to your job ending.

    Step two in Filing for Unemployment for the First Time in Minnesota

    Your second step should be requesting from your employer, in writing, the reason for your discharge and a copy of your entire employment file.  You have the right to review your employment file under Minnesota rule 181.961.

    You have the right to get the reasoning behind your job ending under Minnesota rule 181.933.  Please note, your letter needs to be sent by mail.  In other words, it cannot be by fax or e-mail.

    But wait – you know why your job ended?  It doesn’t matter whether you know the exact reason or not – you need to find out whether your former employer agrees with your understanding and or if your former employer will change their story.

    Because your right to receive specific information referenced above about the reason for your discharge is time sensitive, take this step very seriously.

    What if you cannot wait and need to being filing for unemployment right this minute?

    Well, if you cannot wait – then this law office encourages you to contact a lawyer and ask them to review your situation.  Even better, share your story and ask for help in filling out the application for unemployment benefits.

    In case it isn’t obvious, what you write down in your application when seeking and filing for unemployment for the first time in Minnesota could have a significant impact on whether you get benefits.

    Thus, you desperately need to take the application process seriously and not fill it out the second you walk away from your last job.

    What should you put in your application when filing for unemployment in MN?

    Yes, what you write and how you answer questions specific to your initial application really does matter.  What you write depends on the law, not what you think the law is.

    Thus, consider having your case reviewed by  lawyer BEFORE filling out your application.

  • Root Canals and My Unemployment Audit Minnesota

    Root Canals and My Unemployment Audit Minnesota

    Yes, an Unemployment Audit Minnesota is authorized under Minnesota Statute 268.168.  If you are a worker or employer, please contact this law office for help.

    Biggest risk for an Unemployment Audit Minnesota?

    The biggest risk associated with an Unemployment Audit Minnesota is the fact an audit can lead to severe monetary penalties and or initiate an audit from another government agency.

    Yes, calling this law office for help is a lot easier than trying to make a self-assessment.  None the less, consider the following issues.

    Who can initiate an Unemployment Audit Minnesota?

    An Unemployment Audit Minnesota is generally initiated through the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development (“DEED”).  For all practical purposes, DEED has the power to perform an Unemployment Audit Minnesota at any time.

    Unfortunately, an Unemployment Audit Minnesota can inspire other issues through the Minnesota Department of Revenue, the Minnesota Department of Labor, and related agencies.

    For this one reason, this law office encourages applicants and employers to respond to an Unemployment Audit Minnesota with a high level of care.

    What happens during an Unemployment Audit Minnesota?

    The Commissioner for DEED has the power to audit, examine, or cause to be supplied or copied, any books, paychecks, bank accounts, account transfers, correspondence, papers, records, or memorandum that are relevant to unemployment claims in Minnesota.

    Whether the books, correspondence, papers, records, or memorandum are the property of or in the possession of the employer, any person associated with the employer can be audited, including current and past employees or vendors.

    What if you refuse an Unemployment Audit Minnesota?

    An Employer who refuses to comply with an Unemployment Audit risks being penalized or fined.  None the less, employers in Minnesota have rights.

    An Applicant who refuses to comply with an Unemployment Audit risks an overpayment or worse penalties.

    To avoid feeling uneasy or that sinking feeling, consider contacting this law office for a consultation.

    Why do people and businesses get an Unemployment Audit Minnesota?

    Normally, an Unemployment Audit starts with a complaint or an applicant seeking benefits.  However, this is not necessarily true given Minnesota’s history with incorrectly paying unemployment claims.

    In the year 2014, the State of Minnesota incorrectly paid out more than thirty-five million dollars ($35,000,000) in unemployment benefits.

    Unemployment benefits are subsidized under three sources of revenue: (1) employer premiums, (2) taxes, (3) Federal bills.  Because applicants and employers are part of this equation, the Minnesota unemployment office turn others to reduce the debt.

    Impact or Outcome of an Unemployment Audit Minnesota:

    An Unemployment Audit Minnesota can have a significant impact both financially and from a production and service standpoint.  Also, claims can begin small and turn into bigger issues of concern.

    For example, an Unemployment Audit Minnesota can inspire other issues through the Minnesota Department of Revenue, the Minnesota Department of Labor, and related agencies.  For this one reason, respond to an audit  with a higher level of care.

    Also, penalties and fines may be assessed too.

    Lawyer for Unemployment Audit Minnesota:

    If you are looking for a Lawyer to represent your business during an Unemployment Audit Minnesota, please contact this law office by clicking HERE.

  • My First Move After Getting Fired

    My First Move After Getting Fired

    What to do after getting fired or laid off?  First, you are not alone.  Second, whether you are injured, laid off, an executive, hourly worker, or terminated for employment misconduct, every worker and former employee should consider the same path when taking the next step.

    Thus, consider this a game plan if you are asking what to do after getting fired or terminated from your job.

    First Step: what to do after getting fired

    The first thing to do after getting fired is request a copy of their personnel file.

    Provided a person follows the guidelines under Minnesota statute 181.961, there shouldn’t be many complications.

    What is your personnel file?

    Your personnel file is any document connected to you and your job.  This includes applications, resume submissions, wage versification, W-2 forms, benefit information, correction plans, retirement benefits, non-compete agreements, etc.

    What should a request for your employment file look like?

    A request for your employment file should be in writing.  No, this does mean you can e-mail your request.  According to the rule, the request must be in writing.

    Next, a worker or employee recently fired or terminated should ask for:

    (1) All wages, bonuses, prizes, awards, and commissions owed,

    (2) A complete copy of your personnel file,

    (3) The truthful reason your job ended,

    (4) The return of all personal property,

    (5) Copies of any specific document or book relevant to your discharge, and

    (6) Ask your former employer to forward this information to an address you find appropriate.

    Wait, I know why my job ended

    Minnesota Veterans Training Program

    Yes, a worker might know the reason why they were fired or terminated.  None the less, it is important to ask again and in writing because your right to information about an involuntary termination may end within 15 working days from the date your job ended.    

    Also, obtaining written documentation from your former employer may help you with an appeal for unemployment benefits.

    For more information on the notice of termination requirements, consider reviewing Minnesota statute 181.933.

    Second Step: what to do after getting fired

    Before starting on the second step, make sure you review what to do after getting fired above.

    None the less, the second thing to do after getting fired is to write down any details you recall specific to your job ending.  For example, outlining conversations with co-workers, bosses, human resources or describing a sequence of events.

    Third Step: what to do after getting fired

    The third thing to do after getting fired is to consider whether you are going to apply for unemployment benefits.  Prevent yourself from filing for unemployment on the day or week you were fired.

    Yes, you need time to reduce emotion and negative sentiment.  As you can guess, this is normal.  Also, you want time to think through the sequence of events that led to your termination and make sure you are prepared to questions that will help you get unemployment versus prevent you from getting unemployment.

    Fourth Step: what to do after getting fired

    The fourth thing to do after getting fired is to consider whether you need to take necessary steps to file a claim or claims with the Department of Labor, EEOC, Minnesota Department of Human Services, Minnesota Department of Labor, Minnesota Department of Human Rights, or a related agency.

    Need more help?

    If you need more help, consider contacting this law office for advisement.  I wish you the very best.

  • Can I Delay Their Funeral with a Funeral Directive

    Can I Delay Their Funeral with a Funeral Directive

    A funeral directive is much like a health care directive or power of attorney. It is a way to identify the quarterback who can handle our affairs specific to a funeral.

    Luckily, you can reduce arguments and stress by creating a funeral directive, and address the promises you have for the final chapter before your trust kicks in.

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    What is a funeral directive?

    A funeral directive is a document that outlines your wishes and desires for a funeral and final honors.  The document is created before you die or before you are not able to communicate for yourself.

    The goal of a funeral directive is to make decisions about your funeral arrangements and remove the likelihood of your loved ones making decisions that rock the boat or upset others.

    What types of issues are decided by a funeral directive?

    A funeral directive can make decisions on any issue you find important including:

    • Do you want to be cremated or buried?
    • ** If you are cremated, can your family wait for a month or longer to hold a service in your honor?
    • Where do you want your ashes or body placed when you die?
    • Do you want an honor guard to perform at your funeral?
    • Will your funeral service call for a specific religious affiliation?
    • What do you want your tombstone to say?
    • What picture do you want used in an obituary?

    Can your funeral directive be included in your Will?

    This law office prefers a funeral directive that is separate from all other estate planning tools, like your health care directive or will.

    In the past, I have seen families print a funeral directive and distribute it as they divide up work in preparation of a funeral.  For example, granddaughter can use the document as she talks to a Church to select music while nephew can use the document as he purchases flowers online.

    As you might suspect, a will or health care directive is likely more personal.  A funeral directive is not as personal because the idea is to make specific plans for an end of life celebration versus the distribution of assets or property.

    Yes, but why do you care about delaying your funeral?

    Believe it or not, spouses and children can be torn on whether it is “right” to delay a funeral with the idea of accommodating travel schedules.  Yes, you have the power to put your family at ease.

    Nobody really knows the date of their demise.  For all we know, you are going to pass days before a major holiday.  In today’s world, more and more families are delaying a funeral so people can make arrangements for travel, take time off from work, school, etc.

    Luckily, hard feelings can be laid to rest by granting your family the ability to delay your end of life party by implementing a funeral directive.

  • Which State do I file for Unemployment Benefits?

    Which State do I file for Unemployment Benefits?

    Hey, which state do I file for unemployment benefits?  I hear this question a lot and yes, it matters because you want two things:

    (1) The most money or benefits possible, and

    (2) Prevent from getting your application denied.

    Yes, but what state do I file for unemployment benefits?

    This law office encourages applicant to review the dollar amounts for unemployment benefits in the state they live and the state they work.  To help, here are some numbers to consider.  However, if you cannot find the State you live or work, you can find additional numbers in a report provided by the Department of Labor.

    Minnesota

    Minimum Weekly Minimum: $ 25

    Maximum Weekly Maximum: $ 640

    Maximum Entitlement: $ 16,640

    Wisconsin

    Minimum Weekly Minimum: $ 54

    Maximum Weekly Maximum: $ 370

    Maximum Entitlement: $ 9,620

    Iowa

    Minimum Weekly Minimum: $ 62

    Maximum Weekly Maximum: $ 511

    Maximum Entitlement: $ 13,286

    South Dakota

    Minimum Weekly Minimum: $ 28

    Maximum Weekly Maximum: $ 352

    Maximum Entitlement: $ 9,152

    North Dakota

    Minimum Weekly Minimum: $ 43

    Maximum Weekly Maximum: $ 594

    Maximum Entitlement: $ 15,444

    Do not ask your unemployment office for help

    Do everything in your power to prevent yourself from asking the unemployment office which State do I apply for unemployment.  For one, the staff answering phones at the unemployment office are not paying attention to other States.

    In fact, it is the experience of this law office that many phone associates will send you to a different State for no reason other than it makes their job easier.

    If you are forced to ask a representative at the unemployment office, be prepared to ask questions about “reciprocity“.

    Why different offices give bad information

    It is the opinion of this law office that an unemployment phone associate is helping their agency reduce overpayments, which is a huge problem impacting many of the unemployment agencies across the country.

    Most important rule for picking state to apply for unemployment

    Generally, as soon as a person files or applies for unemployment benefits inanyState other than Minnesota, that person is automatically ineligible for benefits in Minnesota.  For verification of this rule, please see Minnesota Statute 268.085.  Of course, there are exceptions to this rule and each situation will be different.

    Also, people applying for benefits and asking themselves which state do I file for unemployment benefits need to know about Minnesota Statute 268.131.

    If you need help deciding “which State do I file for unemployment benefits”…

    If you are trying to collect the highest amount possible and prevent an appeal to your claim for unemployment, contact an unemployment lawyer for help.

  • I Never Want to Go Without A Health Care Directive in Minnesota

    I Never Want to Go Without A Health Care Directive in Minnesota

    A health care directive in Minnesota is a written document that informs others of your health care wishes. It allows you to name a person (or “agent”) to make decisions for you if you are unable to do so. Under Minnesota law, anyone 18 or older can make a health care directive.

    Why might I need a health care directive in Minnesota?

    A health care directive is useful if you become unable to adequately communicate your health care wishes. The directive guides your physician, family and friends regarding your care at a time when you are not able to provide that information.

    While you do not have to create a health care directive (you will still receive medical care without one), a directive will help you get exactly the care you would like, particularly near the end of your life when your interests may not be the same as those who survive you.

    How do I prepare a health care directive in Minnesota?

    There are forms that you can use to draft a health care directive. The Sample Forms section includes a sample health care directive for your use on pages 31-36. You can also create your own directive or have an attorney prepare one for you, but your directive must:

    • Be in writing and dated;
    • Contain your name;
    • Be signed by you (or someone you authorize to sign for you) when you can still understand and communicate your health care wishes;
    • Have your signature verified by a notary public or two witnesses; and
    • Include the appointment of an agent to make health care decisions for you and/ or instructions about the health care choices you wish to make.

    Before preparing your directive, you may wish to speak with your physician or other health care provider.

    What should I include in my health care directive in Minnesota?

    Your health care directive may contain many health-related items, including:

    • The name of the person you designate as your agent to make health care decisions for you. You can name alternate agents in case the first agent is unavailable, or even assign joint agents;
    • Directions to joint agents, if assigned, regarding the process or standards by which they are to reach a health care decision;
    • Your goals, values and preferences about health care;
    • The types of medical treatment you want or do not want, including instructions about artificial nutrition and hydration; • How you want your agent(s) to make decisions;
    • Where you want to receive care;
    • Your preferences regarding mental health treatments, including those that are intrusive, use electroshock therapy or require neuroleptic medications;
    • Instructions if you are pregnant;
    • Your desire to donate organs, tissues or other body parts; and
    • Your funeral arrangements. You may be as specific or general as you wish in your health care directive.

    What are the limits on my health care directive in Minnesota?

    Your health care directive is limited as follows:

    • Your agent must be at least 18 years of age;
    • Your agent cannot be your health care provider, unless the health care provider is a family member or you give reasons why your agent is your health care provider;
    • You cannot request health care treatment that is beyond reasonable medical practice; and
    • You cannot request assisted suicide.

    Your health care provider must follow your health care directive or your agent’s instructions, as long as your health care requests fall within reasonable medical practice. However, you or your agent cannot request treatment that will be of no help to you, or that cannot practically or ethically be given by your provider.

    If your provider cannot follow your agent’s directions about life-sustaining treatment, your provider must inform the agent.

    The provider must also document such a notice in your medical record. The provider must allow the agent to arrange to transfer you to another provider who can and will follow the agent’s directions.

    How do I change my health care directive in Minnesota?

    Your health care directive lasts until you change or cancel it. If you wish to cancel it, you may do one of the following:

    • Write a statement saying you want to cancel it;
    • Destroy it;
    • Tell at least two people that you wish to cancel it; and/or
    • Write a new health care directive.
  • Is Your Minnesota Corrective Action Plan BS?

    Is Your Minnesota Corrective Action Plan BS?

    Is there such a thing as a Minnesota Corrective Action Plan or are there laws that you should be concerned with?  No and yes.  Unfortunately, it depends on your job and the size of your employer.

    Thus, this law office encourages you to use the following as a guideline and or introduction to this thing called a Minnesota Corrective Action Plan.

    What is a Minnesota Corrective Action Plan?

    First, there really isn’t a black or white definition.  Generally, corrective action plans in Minnesota are documents used by employers to communicate certain expectations to a worker or an employee.

    Minnesota is applied to this term not because there is a rule or statute specific to corrective action plans, but instead given the fact this law office serves people who work for Minnesota corporations and businesses.

    It is the experience of this law office that many corrective action plans are ambiguous or unclear.  Might this be the case for you?  When your Minnesota corrective action plan is unclear, ambiguous, or broad – you should panic.  No, don’t panic – this was a horrible attempt at a joke.  That said, certainly it is problematic when you yourself do not know how to meet and or exceed the expectations outlined in your corrective action plan.  For this reason, it is critical you seek clarification, ask questions, and document (write down in a notebook or print out communications via e-mail) that help you piece together the plan your employer is proposing.

    Can a corrective action plan be called something different?

    Yes, often employers will refer to corrective action plans or a Minnesota corrective action plan like that discussed in this article as a CAP, Personal Improvement Plan, or PIP.

    Really, the punch line is whether or not there is a document that identifies expectations your employer is asking that you change while making reference to outcomes if you do not meet their expressed policies.

    Why should you document your corrective action plan in Minnesota?

    Look, your employer is documenting things and you should too.  Take notes of every communications between you and your boss, director, manager, hr representative, etc.  Some people verify, print, and keep e-mail.  Others should consider writing communications down in a notebook.

    Again, follow this practice so you have records and to show why and how you tried desperately to adhere to your employer’s expectations.

    Also, document your communications specific to your Minnesota Corrective Action Plan because you never know when it might help you in a future conflict, whether on the date of your discharge, the date you seek unemployment, or if you are ever compelled to pursue a cause of action against your now former employer.

    But wait, you don’t have a job that requires you to use a computer

    For the jobs and careers that do not include or require computer use – you can still document your Minnesota corrective action plan by taking notes at the conclusion of your work day.

    I read this article after I had been fired and didn’t document anything

    Ok, so you are just now coming across this article.  Do not beat yourself up or despair.  Yes, you have legal rights that allow you the opportunity to seek a copy of any correction action plan given to you by your employer.

    Under Minnesota rule 181.961, you have the right to review your personnel record and or get a copy of it.  Very likely, your employment file will include a copy of your Minnesota corrective action plan.

    If you are given a corrective action plan and work in Minnesota, when should you contact a lawyer?

    It is the opinion of this law office that as soon as you are given a corrective action plan or asked to review a corrective action plan, you should consider seeking help form a lawyer to help manage or advise you on the rights you have.

    Like that referenced above, every Minnesota corrective action plan is different and depends on your job and the size of your employer.

    Can a corrective action plan impact your unemployment benefits?

    Yes, a corrective action plan in Minnesota can impact your unemployment benefits.  For this very reason, never submit your corrective action plan to any person, party, or government agency without first having it reviewed by a lawyer.

    With exceptions and assuming the worker is still employed, a worker placed on a plan is likely ineligible for unemployment benefits in Minnesota.  This is true because a worker placed on a corrective action plan normally continues working.  In Minnesota, a worker who quits their job after being placed on a corrective action plan must meet one of ten exceptions before becoming eligible for unemployment.  More significantly, whether or not the worker placed on a corrective action plan is terminated will have bigger impact on the issue regarding unemployment benefits.

    Again, deciding to submit it along with your application for unemployment benefits or a separate government agency inquiring about your corrective action plan (like the Department of Human Services, Department of Labor, etc.) can have a significant impact on your rights going forward.

    What should you do going forward?

    You really have three choices: (1) do nothing, (2) drive yourself crazy, and or (3) call a professional who works with Minnesota corrective action plans on a regular basis.

    Therefore, if decide you want to seek help from a professional, please consider contacting this law office for help.

  • Sorry, another post about Unemployment Appeals in Minnesota

    Sorry, another post about Unemployment Appeals in Minnesota

    The process for an unemployment appeal Minnesota depends on where you are in the process.   This law office defines the process for an unemployment appeal Minnesota in four parts or levels.  Each level is different and is described below.

    On the other hand, if you do not know where you are in this process described below, please consider seeking help immediately due to time restrictions imposed by Minnesota law.

    Unemployment Appeal Minnesota – Level I:  Phone Appeal

    Generally, a Level I appeal is conducted by phone.

    Even though this type of appeal is conducted by phone, do not let this fool you.  The Level I Phone Appeal is the most critical level because it impacts every level going forward.  Also, if you do not raise a particular issue, Minnesota law supports the defense that your issue can never be raised again. Although there are legal reasons why this should not be true, this issue needs to be handled with caution.

    Unemployment Appeal Minnesota – Level II:  Request for Reconsideration

    The second type of an Unemployment Appeal Minnesota is a process called a Request for Reconsideration.  This law office refers to this type of an appeal as a Level II appeal.

    This type of appeal is only allowed at the conclusion of a Level I appeal.  Also, this process is generally available to the party who lost the Level I Phone Appeal.  A Level II appeal is important because it is your last chance to reverse or file an unemployment appeal Minnesota before being required to seek a Level III appeal.

    Because the next type of appeal can take a long time from start to finish, a Level II Request for Reconsideration can be an effective way to reverse your case, provided you meet the deadline imposed by Statute.

    Unemployment Appeal Minnesota – Level III:  Minnesota Court of Appeals

    The third type of Unemployment Appeal Minnesota is an appeal to the Minnesota Court of Appeals.  This type of appeal is not as expensive as you might think.  Instead, it is the time that it takes for this element of the process to finish Clients find most surprising.

    Generally, you should consider an attorney for a Level III appeal.  First, an Employer or business is required to be represented by an attorney when heard by this Court.  On the other hand, an  Applicant can represent themselves Pro Se.  However, if your arguments didn’t work in the past, consider having your case reviewed by a professional who has experience with unemployment issues before engaging in this element of the Unemployment Appeal Minnesota process.

    Unemployment Appeal Minnesota – Level IV:  Minnesota Supreme Court

    The fourth type of Unemployment Appeal Minnesota is an appeal to the Minnesota Supreme Court.  Generally, very few cases make it to this level.  Because this law office has sought relief for unemployment claims to the Minnesota Supreme Court, this level should be viewed with care.

    Generally, unemployment cases are rarely heard by the Minnesota Supreme Court because there is a court fee.  Unlike Level III, an attorney is required when seeking an Unemployment Appeal Minnesota before the Minnesota Supreme Court.

    Concluding Points about an Unemployment Appeal Minnesota

    Regardless which level you are involved with, the rules that govern an unemployment appeal in Minnesota fall under Minnesota Chapter 268.  Once the Department of Employment and Economic Development (“DEED”) collects answers to an on-line questionnaire filled out by an Applicant and an Employer, DEED will make a determination of whether or not the Applicant is eligible for unemployment benefits.  Upon receiving notice of this determination, the losing party can being the appeal process.

    Appeals for unemployment benefits in Minnesota are reviewed by unemployment law judges.  Because unemployment law judges have the same powers as other Minnesota Judges, the process for an unemployment appeal should be approached with caution.  This is because the Minnesota rules of evidence, Minnesota rules of general practice, and the Minnesota rules of civil procedure apply to an appeal for unemployment.

    In Minnesota, filing an unemployment appeal is different for each Level described above.  For this reason, an appeal for unemployment benefits should be viewed with care and fortitude.

    Where to go for help with an Unemployment Appeal Minnesota?

    If you need help with any level or related process described above, please contact this law office for help.

  • Why Unemployment Seasonal Employees Have it Worse

    Why Unemployment Seasonal Employees Have it Worse

    Recently, Minnesota rendered a decision about unemployment seasonal employees.  In a case called McNeilly v. Dept. of Employment, 778 N.W. 2d 707, a Seasonal Employee was laid off for lack of work and deemed ineligible for unemployment benefits.

    Although this case was decided in favor of the employer, it is important to note that the worker wasn’t actively seeking work while unemployed due to their seasonal job.

    Thus, this article addresses some dos and don’ts specific to seasonal employees in Minnesota who are seeking unemployment benefits.

    How should a seasonal employee approach unemployment in Minnesota?

    Unemployment seasonal employees in Minnesota should always approach a lay-off with caution.  Why?  Because many unemployed persons never foresee being unemployed.  For this reason, seeking unemployment benefits is never a guarantee, making your application for benefits critical if not vital.

    Laid-off from seasonal work – what should you do to receive unemployment?

    First, always remain calm and never fill out your application for unemployment benefits without talking to a professional who has done this in the past and or having a plan when answering questions for benefits.  If you were laid off for lack of work, do not create a bigger conflict by giving more information than is necessary.  In other words, your application for benefits should not be used as a sounding board to complain about your former employer.

    Next, ask if there is anything you can do to remain employed.  If you are offered a different position, accept the job offer unless your rate of pay is reduced by more than 75%.

    Can a seasonal worker resign and get unemployment in Minnesota?

    If you are not offered a different position, do not offer a resignation even if pressured by your employer.  A person who resigns from a seasonal job must satisfy many many rules, including the rules under Minnesota statute 268.095, in order to become eligible for unemployment benefits in Minnesota.

    For this reason, a seasonal worker should never resign without first speaking with a lawyer.

    Seasonal worker receives a separation package from their employer – now what?

    If presented with a separation agreement or asked to take a “lump sum” or “severance package”, always have this document reviewed by an attorney before you sign it or accept it.  Yes, the unemployment office in Minnesota will find out and they will look at the signed document.

    Yes, documents of this nature can impact your unemployment benefits.  Thus, issues with separation packages and unemployment fr seasonal employees when working in Minnesota should always be scrutinized.

    Unemployment seasonal employees beware!

    The moral of the story is to proceed with caution when laid off for lack of work or due to the seasonal elements of your job.  Therefore, contact an attorney to review your rights.

  • Unemployment Revenue Recapture for Minnesota – Say What?

    Unemployment Revenue Recapture for Minnesota – Say What?

    Unemployment revenue recapture for Minnesota is a somewhat of a new process.  Generally, you will receive notice by mail that the unemployment office in Minnesota is using help from the Department of Revenue to collect an unemployment overpayment.

    In other words, the unemployment office is trying to use your tax return to collect money from you that they believe you owe as a result of an unemployment overpayment.

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    Can you appeal an Unemployment Revenue Recapture for Minnesota?

    Yes, you can appeal an unemployment revenue recapture for Minnesota by following the appeal rules and procedures that are usually outlined in the notice you received by mail.

    Should you file an appeal for an unemployment recapture or talk to a lawyer first?

    Obviously this law office is biased, but yes you should talk with a lawyer regarding an unemployment revenue recapture issue.

    An unemployment revenue recapture hearing should be reviewed with extreme caution.  The procedure for an appeal of this nature is similar to other unemployment appeal hearings you may or may not have partaken in.  

    That said, an unemployment law judge may utilize an unemployment revenue recapture hearing to justify an audit of your benefits or attach fraud to your claim. 

    Thus, an unemployment revenue recapture hearing should never be treated lightly.

    What else should you know about an unemployment revenue recapture for Minnesota?

    The intent of the revenue recapture hearing is to see whether your case should not be forwarded onto the Minnesota Department of Revenue. 

    If the applicant believes that their claim for unemployment benefits should not be forwarded onto the Minnesota Department of Revenue, consider appealing the notice of revenue recapture.

    What if you don’t appeal an unemployment revenue recapture for Minnesota?

    If you do not appeal, then the unemployment office in Minnesota will move forward with the process to intercept your tax return and use it to to repay an unemployment overpayment.

    What if you are not expecting a tax return?

    Even if you are not expecting a tax return, you should still consider an appeal.  The Minnesota Department of Revenue can use this process to attach a lien to your home, your car, or a bank account.

    What should you do first?

    Look, this law office knows this can be a scary or an overwhelming process.  Do not panic because you absolutely have rights.  Although every situation is different, consider contacting a lawyer for help.  

    As an alternative, consider visiting a law library and conduct further research on the process specific to an unemployment revenue recapture for Minnesota.

  • Minnesota Unemployment Laws

    Minnesota Unemployment Laws

    Minnesota Unemployment laws are everywhere and they don’t seem to end. Of course, there are statutes. There are case laws. There are rules, guidelines, and everything in-between. What you can’t find within the law is firsthand experience.

    If you are looking for the perfect rule or the exact law for your situation, consider starting with the facts. Then, start issue spotting.

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    Where Can You Find UI Rules?

    Minnesota unemployment laws are provided under Minnesota Chapter 268 and Minnesota Rules 3300-4370.  Even more importantly, these statutes and rules are re-defined through a process called a legal precedent.

    Again, experience matters. Turning to your neighbor, co-worker, friend, or spouse is not.

    Court Cases with Minnesota Laws

    A legal precedent means a Court of Law reviewed or applied a rule based on a specific fact pattern.  In theory, when a specific fact pattern is duplicated, a legal precedent suggests that a decision should be decided like it has in the past.  Thus, Minnesota unemployment rules are re-defined through a legal precedent.

    Regardless whether you are an Applicant or an Employer, these rules have an impact on Minnesota unemployment and the process as a whole.

    Which Courts Review Unemployment Cases?

    Generally, any court having jurisdiction can review a case and apply the law. This includes the Minnesota Court of Appeals and the Minnesota Supreme Court. On the other hand, most District Courts and Administrative Courts (like worker compensation) do not have jurisdiction. Instead, we turn to the administrative process managed by DEED.

    Because unemployment claims are reviewed by an Unemployment Law Judge, Minnesota’ s District Courts rarely reviews claims for eligibility.

    Are Minnesota Unemployment Laws Complicated?

    Yes, Minnesota unemployment laws are complicated because rules cross apply from three areas:  Minnesota Chapter 268, Minnesota Rules 3300-4370, and through a standard reviewed referred earlier as legal precedent.

    Do Unemployment Laws Change?

    Yes, Minnesota unemployment laws change all the time, which is why not every case law is applicable. For example, about ten years ago, there was a fancy unemployment rule called the “Hot Head Doctrine”. Basically, it was a rule that applied in moments of anger. Well, that rule has changed drastically over the years. Some good and some bad.

    Now, add laws from the Covid Pandemic and or the financial crisis of 2007, and what you will find is that the rules and statutes governing unemployment claims is more different today than ever before.

    How Often are Mistakes Made with Minnesota Unemployment Laws?

    It is the experience of this law office that mistakes happen all the time. Unfortunatley, most applicants are unaware of the mistake until they are awarded bad news.

    Generally, mistakes are made upon advise given by workforce centers, friends who claim they have been through the “system” and mistakes are made at all levels of the unemployment appeal process.

    Because mistakes are made on a regular occurrence, Applicants and Employers seek unemployment appeals.

    Questions about Minnesota Unemployment Laws

    First, stop comparing Minnesota rules to other states. Our appeal system is very different than our border states. Second, stop listening to lay people. Family members are great for support versus legal advice.

  • Can you get Unemployment and Workers Compensation?

    Can you get Unemployment and Workers Compensation?

    In Minnesota, an applicant may be eligible to collect unemployment benefits and workers compensation benefits at the same time, but that doesn’t mean you should.

    If you find yourself in a situation where you believe you are eligible for both unemployment and workers compensation benefits, please consider seeking immediate help such that you can prevent being nailed for unemployment fraud.

    What makes collecting unemployment and workers compensation so complicated?

    There are a variety of issues that an applicant needs to be aware of.  First, work comp cases in Minnesota always take longer than you anticipate.  Whether you are waiting for your injury to heal or you are waiting for the work comp insurance company to issue you a check for lost wages and or an injury, any money you receive will impact your unemployment check.

    Second, Minnesota unemployment law presumes you are able to work.  If you are not able to work due to your injury, then you are likely ineligible for unemployment benefits under rule 268.085.

    On the other hand, if you are able to work with restrictions, you more likely to be eligible for unemployment benefits.  However, this to can be a problem because a hurt worker’s transition back to their job or a different job will impact their rights from a work comp perspective.

    Third and even more significantly, a person eligible for unemployment benefits in Minnesota is presumed to have been discharged for reasons other than employment misconduct or quitting for a good reason caused by their employer.  Compare these presumptions to work comp rules in Minnesota, which attempts to compensate you while you recover from your injuries such that you can return to your old or past job as soon as possible.  Thus, work comp rules and unemployment claims in Minnesota contradict one another.

    Thus, collecting work comp and unemployment benefits is a complicated.

    What are the unemployment and workers compensation laws for Minnesota?

    The rule in Minnesota says if a worker’s loss of wage benefits are higher than their weekly unemployment benefit amount, then the worker trying to collect unemployment benefits in Minnesota is not eligible for unemployment benefits.

    On the other hand, if a worker’s loss of wages specific to their workers compensation benefit was less than their weekly unemployment benefit amount, then the person trying to collect unemployment benefits in Minnesota would likely be eligible for unemployment benefits if trying to collect both benefits simultaneously.

    What to expect when collecting unemployment and work comp benefits:

    If you are requesting unemployment benefits and work comp in Minnesota, you will likely be required to seek medical opinions to support your claims.  That said, doctors routinely overstate and render opinions that hurt or damage an applicant’s claim for benefits.

    However, you can help yourself and your claim by seeking a lawyer to review the doctor’s medical opinion prior to it being submitted to DEED or the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry.  I recognize this appears to be a self serving statement.  Look, the doctor’s number one interest is your health.  Your lawyer’s number one interest is seeking a monetary benefit on your behalf.  These goals are not the same, which is why you need both professionals in your corner.

    What is the worst that could happen if I apply and get denied unemployment and workers compensation benefits?

    A mistake or miss classification might result in a fraudulent overpayment of unemployment benefits.  Also, a mistake regarding your rights to seek or appeal for work comp benefits can be jeopardized.

    Remember, the intent of these benefits is to supplement your income for job loss and to help you recover from your injuries.  Both of these benefits can have huge financial impacts.  Thus, know the rules and apply them to your advantage.